See cugować on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "cug",
"4": "-ować",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nPolish cug\nProto-Indo-European *h₂euh₁-der.?\nProto-Slavic *-ovati\nOld Polish -ować\nPolish -ować\nPolish cugować\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to help\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂euh₁-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ovati\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ować\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ować\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"cugować\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"cugować\">\nFrom cug + -ować.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nPolish cug\nProto-Indo-European *h₂euh₁-der.?\nProto-Slavic *-ovati\nOld Polish -ować\nPolish -ować\nPolish cugować\nFrom cug + -ować.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "cugować impf",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ować",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Przemyśl Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to not want to pull"
],
"id": "en-cugować-pl-verb-ysso6uHO",
"links": [
[
"want",
"want"
],
[
"pull",
"pull"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, Przemyśl, of a horse) to not want to pull"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a horse"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡suˈɡɔ.vat͡ɕ]",
"note": "Przemyśl"
}
],
"word": "cugować"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "cug",
"4": "-ować",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nPolish cug\nProto-Indo-European *h₂euh₁-der.?\nProto-Slavic *-ovati\nOld Polish -ować\nPolish -ować\nPolish cugować\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to help\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂euh₁-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ovati\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ować\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ować\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"cugować\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"cugować\">\nFrom cug + -ować.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nPolish cug\nProto-Indo-European *h₂euh₁-der.?\nProto-Slavic *-ovati\nOld Polish -ować\nPolish -ować\nPolish cugować\nFrom cug + -ować.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "cugować impf",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish imperfective verbs",
"Polish intransitive verbs",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dewk-",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ować",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish verbs",
"Przemyśl Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"to not want to pull"
],
"links": [
[
"want",
"want"
],
[
"pull",
"pull"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, Przemyśl, of a horse) to not want to pull"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a horse"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡suˈɡɔ.vat͡ɕ]",
"note": "Przemyśl"
}
],
"word": "cugować"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cugować meaning in All languages combined (2.4kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: intransitive, Przemyśl, of a horse",
"path": [
"cugować"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cugować",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: intransitive, Przemyśl, of a horse",
"path": [
"cugować"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cugować",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.